MJSTEM

Abstract

The increasing search for effective, affordable, and reversible male contraceptive agents has stimulated interest in medicinal plants with potential antifertility properties. This study evaluated the antifertility effects of methanol seed extracts of Carica papaya and Ricinus communis on reproductive hormones in male Wistar rats. Thirty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups of five (5) rats each. Group 1 served as the normal control, while Groups 2 and 3 received Carica papaya extract at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively. Groups 4 and 5 received Ricinus communis extract at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively, whereas Groups 6 and 7 received combined extracts at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively. Extract administration was carried out orally for 21 days, after which blood samples were collected for hormonal assays. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone were evaluated using ELISA kits. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in LH (p = 0.014), FSH (p = 0.046), and testosterone (p = 0.022) among the experimental groups. Testosterone levels were markedly reduced in treated groups compared with the control group, while alterations in LH and FSH levels suggested disruption of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. The combined extract groups demonstrated more pronounced hormonal effects, particularly at higher doses. The findings indicate that methanol seed extracts of Carica papaya and Ricinus communis possess antifertility potential through modulation of male reproductive hormones. These hormonal alterations may impair spermatogenesis and testicular endocrine function, supporting the possible use of these plant extracts as candidates for male fertility regulation. Further studies are recommended to investigate their mechanisms of action, reversibility, and long-term safety profile.

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